Cardamom essential oil is rich in potent bioactive compounds like 1,8‑cineole, terpinyl acetate, and linalool. These natural agents have demonstrated strong insecticidal and antifungal effects. In corn cultivation, cardamom oil or its extracts may serve as an eco-friendly alternative to chemical pesticides and fungicides—helping protect against storage pests like maize weevils and fungal pathogens while promoting sustainable crop health.
Evaluation of the Stability of a 1,8-Cineole Nanoemulsion and Its Fumigant Toxicity Effect against the Pests Tetranychus urticae, Rhopalosiphum maidis and Bemisia tabaci
Ayllón-Gutiérrez, R.; López-Maldonado, E.A.; Macías-Alonso, M.; González Marrero, J.; Díaz-Rubio, L.; Córdova-Guerrero, https://doi.org/10.3390/insects14070663
Pest control in agriculture faces challenges due to resistance from overuse of synthetic pesticides. Monoterpenoids, plant-derived compounds, offer safer alternatives but suffer from high volatility and instability. This study developed a stable 1,8-cineole nanoemulsion (oil:surfactant:water ratio 0.5:1:8.5) using a low-energy phase inversion method. The formulation had a droplet size of 14.7 nm, a PDI of 0.178, and showed no instability in centrifugation or Turbiscan tests. It demonstrated ~50% greater fumigant bioactivity against Tetranychus urticae, Rhopalosiphum maidis, and Bemisia tabaci compared to the free compound, indicating nanoemulsions can enhance monoterpenoid effectiveness
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Pest control in agriculture faces challenges due to resistance from overuse of synthetic pesticides. Monoterpenoids, plant-derived compounds, offer safer alternatives but suffer from high volatility and instability. This study developed a stable 1,8-cineole nanoemulsion (oil:surfactant:water ratio 0.5:1:8.5) using a low-energy phase inversion method. The formulation had a droplet size of 14.7 nm, a PDI of 0.178, and showed no instability in centrifugation or Turbiscan tests. It demonstrated ~50% greater fumigant bioactivity against Tetranychus urticae, Rhopalosiphum maidis, and Bemisia tabaci compared to the free compound, indicating nanoemulsions can enhance monoterpenoid effectiveness
Comparative antifungal activities and biochemical effects of monoterpenes on plant pathogenic fungi
Gehan I.Kh. Marei, Mona A. Abdel Rasoul, Samir A.M. Abdelgaleil,
Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology,
Volume 103, Issue 1,
2012,
Pages 56-61,
ISSN 0048-3575,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pestbp.2012.03.004.
Twelve monoterpenes were tested for antifungal activity against Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium oxysporum, Penicillium digitatum, and Aspergillus niger. Thymol showed the strongest inhibition, with EC50 values comparable to the fungicide carbendazim. (S)-limonene and 1,8-cineole also exhibited strong antifungal effects. Thymol and (S)-limonene significantly inhibited fungal enzymes pectin methyl esterase (PME) and cellulase, but not polyphenol oxidase (PPO), suggesting that enzyme inhibition contributes to their antifungal action. These findings highlight thymol, (S)-limonene, and 1,8-cineole as promising natural fungicide candidates.
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Twelve monoterpenes were tested for antifungal activity against Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium oxysporum, Penicillium digitatum, and Aspergillus niger. Thymol showed the strongest inhibition, with EC50 values comparable to the fungicide carbendazim. (S)-limonene and 1,8-cineole also exhibited strong antifungal effects. Thymol and (S)-limonene significantly inhibited fungal enzymes pectin methyl esterase (PME) and cellulase, but not polyphenol oxidase (PPO), suggesting that enzyme inhibition contributes to their antifungal action. These findings highlight thymol, (S)-limonene, and 1,8-cineole as promising natural fungicide candidates.
Insecticidal activity of a chemotype VI essential oil from Lippia alba leaves collected at Caatinga and the major compound (1,8-cineole) against Nasutitermes corniger and Sitophilus zeamais.
Thâmarah de Albuquerque Lima, Nelânia Maria de Queiroz Baptista, Ana Patrícia Silva de Oliveira, Pérsio Alexandre da Silva, Norma Buarque de Gusmão, Maria Tereza dos Santos Correia, Thiago Henrique Napoleão, Márcia Vanusa da Silva, Patrícia Maria Guedes Paiva,
Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology,
Volume 177,
2021,
104901,
ISSN 0048-3575,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pestbp.2021.104901.
This study evaluated the insecticidal activity of essential oil from Lippia alba (chemotype VI, rich in 1,8-cineole, 70.01%) against Nasutitermes corniger and Sitophilus zeamais. The oil showed strong toxicity to N. corniger (LC50: 18.25 and 8.4 nL/g for workers and soldiers) and inhibited key digestive enzymes. While 1,8-cineole was termiticidal, only the full oil was toxic by ingestion to S. zeamais (LC50: 0.297 μL/g). Both oil and 1,8-cineole had fumigant effects and caused anti-nutritional effects. This is the first report of insecticidal activity from L. alba chemotype VI, suggesting its potential as a natural insecticide.
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This study evaluated the insecticidal activity of essential oil from Lippia alba (chemotype VI, rich in 1,8-cineole, 70.01%) against Nasutitermes corniger and Sitophilus zeamais. The oil showed strong toxicity to N. corniger (LC50: 18.25 and 8.4 nL/g for workers and soldiers) and inhibited key digestive enzymes. While 1,8-cineole was termiticidal, only the full oil was toxic by ingestion to S. zeamais (LC50: 0.297 μL/g). Both oil and 1,8-cineole had fumigant effects and caused anti-nutritional effects. This is the first report of insecticidal activity from L. alba chemotype VI, suggesting its potential as a natural insecticide.
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